Men are disturbed not by things,
but by the view which they take of them.
Epiktetus
Behavioural therapy (cognitive) and ACT ( third wave)
Behavioural therapy has been further developed over the last 30 years; these therapeutic methods, which do not only involve thoughts, are summarised under the name ‘3rd wave of behavioural therapy’.
Das Glück Deines Lebens hängt von der Beschaffenheit Deiner Gedanken ab.
Marc Aurel
Behavioural cognitive therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioural therapy is a form of behavioural therapy that has developed since the 1960s from behaviourist psychology and cognitivism. The founders of these techniques were primarily A. Beck and A. Ellis. Over the last 20 years, behavioural therapy has been further developed; these therapeutic methods, which incorporate not only thoughts but also human emotions and value and goal systems, are collectively referred to as the ‘third wave of behavioural therapy.
Our cognitions are at the centre of earlier cognitive therapy methods. Cognitions include our attitudes, thoughts, evaluations and beliefs. Cognitive therapy methods assume that the way we think determines how we feel and behave and how we react physically.
ACT
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are further developments of cognitive behavioural therapy and novel treatment approaches that are considered part of the so-called ‘third wave’ of behavioural therapy.
These approaches use acceptance and mindfulness strategies as well as strategies for behavioural change and committed action. The overarching goal is to increase the psychological flexibility necessary for living under constantly changing internal and external conditions. Mental flexibility means that a person is fully in touch with the present moment and can change their behaviour or persistently maintain it. Furthermore, one can identify or disidentify with feelings or thoughts (I am not my thoughts/feelings, I have thoughts/feelings). This is achieved by introducing an observer perspective or an ‘observing self’.
Mindfullnes MBSR
Mindfulness is awareness that arises through paying attention, on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgementally,” says Kabat-Zinn. “And then I sometimes add, in the service of self-understanding and wisdom.
Jon Kabat-Zinn
Mindfulness is a skill that helps us experience the world in a lively, more direct way, giving us more flexibility to act in a way that's more in tune with ourselves. As a non-judgmental (or rather, constantly registering one's own judgements) self-observation (observer perspective) of one's own experiences and actions, it also provides the foundation for us to experience ourselves as the place and space of our behaviour and thus as LIVELY and relaxed individuals.
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